{"id":2116,"date":"2021-05-13T16:03:01","date_gmt":"2021-05-13T16:03:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/?p=2116"},"modified":"2025-11-29T20:58:14","modified_gmt":"2025-11-29T20:58:14","slug":"aby-stavby-pri-zemetreseni-nespadly-hardy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/2021\/05\/13\/aby-stavby-pri-zemetreseni-nespadly-hardy\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d n\u011bkter\u00e9 stavby p\u0159i zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed nespadnou (Hardy)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5258 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/dum-zniceny-zemetresenim-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"351\" height=\"234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/dum-zniceny-zemetresenim-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/dum-zniceny-zemetresenim-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/dum-zniceny-zemetresenim-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/dum-zniceny-zemetresenim-850x567.jpg 850w, https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/dum-zniceny-zemetresenim.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 351px) 100vw, 351px\" \/>P\u0159i zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed v&nbsp;Tokiu n\u00e1s zasypal oby\u010dejn\u00fd dvoupatrov\u00fd d\u016fm postaven\u00fd na za\u010d\u00e1tku minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed z cihel. A to byl ten probl\u00e9m. Budovy vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u0161est poschod\u00ed jsou v&nbsp;Japonsku d\u00e1vno stav\u011bn\u00e9 s&nbsp;ohledem na mo\u017en\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed ot\u0159es\u016f, kter\u00e9 tady mohou vzniknout prakticky kdykoliv.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5259 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/moderni-budovy-po-zemetreseni-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"338\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/moderni-budovy-po-zemetreseni-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/moderni-budovy-po-zemetreseni-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/moderni-budovy-po-zemetreseni-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/moderni-budovy-po-zemetreseni-850x567.jpg 850w, https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/moderni-budovy-po-zemetreseni.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\" \/>Modern\u00ed domy dnes vznikaj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b projekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed se seizmickou \u010dinnost\u00ed, ale t\u0159eba i s&nbsp;odolnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di hurik\u00e1n\u016fm, po\u017e\u00e1r\u016fm nebo vln\u00e1m cunami. A taky se u\u017e stav\u00ed z&nbsp;jin\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kdy je d\u016fraz kladen\u00fd na odolnost a pru\u017enost.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zku\u0161enosti uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee zd\u011bn\u00e9 objekty odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed seizmick\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm nejh\u016f\u0159.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i slab\u00fdch ot\u0159esech nejd\u0159\u00edv vzniknou na zdech vlasov\u00e9 trhliny na om\u00edtce, siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1chv\u011bvy zp\u016fsob\u00ed opad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kus\u016f om\u00edtky. Pozd\u011bji dojde k&nbsp;naru\u0161en\u00ed spoj\u016f stropu a nosn\u00fdch i nenosn\u00fdch zd\u00ed a jejich z\u0159\u00edcen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pokud lid\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed starou zd\u011bnou stavbu v&nbsp;seizmicky aktivn\u00ed oblasti zachovat, je t\u0159eba u\u010dinit konstruk\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prov\u00e9st ztu\u017een\u00ed objektu pomoc\u00ed ocelov\u00fdch p\u0159edpjat\u00fdch lan.<\/li>\n<li>Vlo\u017eit dodate\u010dn\u00e9 ztu\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed st\u011bny.<\/li>\n<li>Zd\u011bn\u00e9 klenby nahradit tuh\u00fdmi stropn\u00edmi konstrukcemi.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159eklady nad okny a dve\u0159mi spojit se ztu\u017euj\u00edc\u00edmi v\u011bnci zd\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Minimalizovat otvory v&nbsp;nosn\u00fdch zdech, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 oken a dve\u0159\u00ed pevnost zdi oslab\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Schodi\u0161t\u011b by m\u011bla b\u00fdt ocelov\u00e1, nebo odlit\u00e1 jako \u017eelezobetonov\u00fd monolit.<\/li>\n<li>Zd\u011bn\u00e9 sloupy nebo pil\u00ed\u0159e je t\u0159eba oblo\u017eit ocelovou nebo betonovou band\u00e1\u017e\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 stropy nebo stropy z&nbsp;hurdisek je nutn\u00e9 vyztu\u017eit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2120 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/animace-veze_pri-zemetreseni_70747fb60cebcb63720387868287b97a-300x169.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">Ukazuje se, \u017ee stavby se&nbsp;\u010dtvercov\u00fdm p\u016fdorysem jsou pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e stavby obd\u00e9ln\u00edkov\u00e9. Nejl\u00e9pe odol\u00e1v\u00e1 stavba s&nbsp;kruhov\u00fdm p\u016fdorysem.<\/p>\n<p>Nejodoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed jsou stavby z&nbsp;pru\u017en\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Proto nap\u0159\u00edklad domy postaven\u00e9 z&nbsp;bambusu vydr\u017e\u00ed i siln\u00e9 ot\u0159esy.<\/p>\n<p>Pru\u017en\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly toti\u017e pohlcuj\u00ed kinetickou (tedy pohybovou) energii zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed deformac\u00ed. Prost\u011b se krout\u00ed, vln\u00ed, k\u00fdvou, ale nespadnou.<\/p>\n<p>Stalet\u00edmi prov\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 zku\u0161enost stavitel\u016f japonsk\u00fdch pagod ukazuje cestu i dne\u0161n\u00edm projektant\u016fm. Pagody jsou tvo\u0159en\u00e9 pru\u017en\u00fdm sloupem, na kter\u00fd jsou navle\u010den\u00e1 jednotliv\u00e1 patra. Ta se p\u0159i z\u00e1chv\u011bvech pohybuj\u00ed nez\u00e1visle a d\u00edky voln\u00e9mu propojen\u00ed nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zlom\u016fm, poprask\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu z\u0159\u00edcen\u00ed stavby.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5256 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Skytree-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"259\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Skytree-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Skytree-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Skytree-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Skytree-300x450.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Skytree-850x1275.jpg 850w, https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Skytree.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 259px) 100vw, 259px\" \/>Na principu navle\u010den\u00ed pater na vysok\u00fd pru\u017en\u00fd sloup je postavena i v\u011b\u017e Skytree, kter\u00e1 i nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed zdolala bez probl\u00e9m\u016f. Jednotliv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti obsahuj\u00ed olejov\u00e9 pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed jako tlumi\u010de.<\/p>\n<p>Technologick\u00e9 postupy p\u0159i stav\u011bn\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00fdch staveb tedy zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee se zdivo nebort\u00ed, ale pru\u017en\u011b vln\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Na st\u0159ech\u00e1ch v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdch dom\u016f se taky umis\u0165ovaly baz\u00e9ny. Voda v&nbsp;n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch se p\u0159i zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed rozvlnila a stabilizovala v\u00fdkyv stavby.<\/p>\n<p>Na podobn\u00e9m principu jsou dnes na st\u0159ech\u00e1ch mrakodrap\u016f instalovan\u00e1 z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed ovl\u00e1dan\u00e1 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem. Ten p\u0159i ot\u0159esech zvol\u00ed takovou intenzitu v\u00fdkyvu z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e1 eliminuje v\u00fdkyv zd\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fd zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>ZDROJ<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stavba.tzb-info.cz\/historicke-stavby\/15822-zajisteni-zdenych-staveb-proti-ucinkum-technicke-seizmicity\">https:\/\/stavba.tzb-info.cz\/historicke-stavby\/15822-zajisteni-zdenych-staveb-proti-ucinkum-technicke-seizmicity<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stavba.tzb-info.cz\/cihly-bloky-tvarnice\/18251-tradicni-hlinene-stavby-a-konstrukcni-zasady-snizujici-rizika-jejich-destrukce\">https:\/\/stavba.tzb-info.cz\/cihly-bloky-tvarnice\/18251-tradicni-hlinene-stavby-a-konstrukcni-zasady-snizujici-rizika-jejich-destrukce<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>ZDROJ OBR\u00c1ZK\u016e: ChatGPT.com, PINTEREST<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159i zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed v&nbsp;Tokiu n\u00e1s zasypal oby\u010dejn\u00fd dvoupatrov\u00fd d\u016fm postaven\u00fd na za\u010d\u00e1tku minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed z cihel. A to byl ten probl\u00e9m. Budovy vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u0161est poschod\u00ed jsou v&nbsp;Japonsku d\u00e1vno stav\u011bn\u00e9 s&nbsp;ohledem na mo\u017en\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed ot\u0159es\u016f, kter\u00e9 tady mohou vzniknout prakticky kdykoliv. &nbsp; &nbsp; Modern\u00ed domy dnes vznikaj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b projekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed se seizmickou \u010dinnost\u00ed, ale&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,1],"tags":[240,241,205,239,283,242,243],"class_list":["post-2116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hrdinove-hardy","category-uncategorized","tag-pagoda","tag-pruzne-stavebni-materialy","tag-skytree","tag-stavby-pri-zemetreseni","tag-tokio","tag-trhliny-ve-zdi","tag-vykyv-budov-rizeny-pocitacem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2116"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2116\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5264,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2116\/revisions\/5264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}