{"id":268,"date":"2019-03-24T15:25:36","date_gmt":"2019-03-24T15:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/?p=268"},"modified":"2025-11-28T13:28:19","modified_gmt":"2025-11-28T13:28:19","slug":"malarie-mariana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/2019\/03\/24\/malarie-mariana\/","title":{"rendered":"Mal\u00e1rie (Mariana)"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n\r\n\r\n

Kdy\u017e jsme p\u0159ed odletem do Thajska p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli, jak nejl\u00edp se na cestu p\u0159ipravit, zva\u017eovali jsme i o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti n\u011bkter\u00fdm naka\u017eliv\u00fdm nemocem.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Cestovn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e ob\u010das doporu\u010duj\u00ed nechat se p\u0159ed cestou o\u010dkovat proti b\u0159i\u0161n\u00edmu tyfu, \u017eloutence typu A i B, d\u011btsk\u00e9 obrn\u011b, z\u00e1\u0161krtu, spalni\u010dk\u00e1m a tetanu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z n\u00e1s u\u017e o\u010dkovan\u00ed byli z d\u011btstv\u00ed, nebo i pozd\u011bji, t\u0159eba proti \u017eloutence. A v\u0161ichni jsme si zkontrolovali, kdy n\u00e1m vypr\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost protitetanovky. To se t\u00fdkalo hlavn\u011b dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, proto\u017ee o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti tetanu je \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 10 \u2013 15 let, n\u011bkdy i d\u00fdl. Ale obecn\u011b jsme se shodli, \u017ee je lep\u0161\u00ed m\u00edt se prost\u011b na pozoru. Neriskovat, nej\u00edst neomyt\u00e9 ovoce, nep\u00edt jinou vodu ne\u017e balenou, kterou si sami otev\u0159eme, ned\u00e1vat do pit\u00ed led a tak d\u00e1le. To jsme ale netu\u0161ili, \u017ee se dostaneme do situace, kdy hygiena opravdu nen\u00ed v seznamu priorit. Kdy\u017e se ztrat\u00edte v d\u017eungli, \u0159e\u0161\u00edte hlavn\u011b jestli p\u0159e\u017eijete. To, jestli m\u00e1te umyt\u00e9 ruce, se v tu chv\u00edli dost\u00e1v\u00e1 na vedlej\u0161\u00ed kolej.<\/p>\r\n

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Je\u0161t\u011b doma jsem si trochu zji\u0161\u0165ovala, co v\u0161echno v Thajsku hroz\u00ed, tak\u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edstavu jsem m\u011bla. Ale po n\u00e1vratu n\u00e1m rodi\u010de pro jistotu nechali ud\u011blat v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 testy a Timovi je\u0161t\u011b v Thajsku dokto\u0159i p\u00edchli novou d\u00e1vku proti tetanu, kv\u016fli t\u00e9 jeho ruce. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed v\u0161echna vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed byla v po\u0159\u00e1dku. Ale kdy\u017e jsem vid\u011bla cel\u00fd \u0161rumec okolo, za\u010dala jsem se o tropick\u00e9 nemoci zaj\u00edmat trochu v\u00edc. Hlavn\u011b o mal\u00e1rii, proto\u017ee proti t\u00e9 zat\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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\"\"MAL\u00c1RIE<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u010cesky se j\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 bahenn\u00ed zimnice. Kdy\u017e jsem to \u0159ekla Hardymu, \u00fapln\u011b se z toho rozklepal. V\u017edy\u0165 bahna jsme si v d\u017eungli u\u017eili a\u017ea\u017e.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Kom\u00e1r Anopheles<\/p>\r\n

Mal\u00e1rie je asi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem trop\u016f. V d\u017eungli na severu Thajska, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v obdob\u00ed de\u0161\u0165\u016f, ji chytnete, ani nev\u00edte jak. Teda v\u00edte. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed ji moskyti, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b sami\u010dky kom\u00e1ra rodu anopheles. Ro\u010dn\u011b pr\u00fd zem\u0159ou na mal\u00e1rii a\u017e 3 miliony lid\u00ed, hlavn\u011b v Africe, co\u017e z kom\u00e1r\u016f d\u011bl\u00e1 nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159e sv\u011bta.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Samotn\u00ed kom\u00e1\u0159i nejsou p\u016fvodci mal\u00e1rie, ale ve sv\u00fdch slin\u00e1ch p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed mal\u00e9 parazitick\u00e9 prvoky, kter\u00fdm se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 zimni\u010dky. Ti se usad\u00ed v jatern\u00edch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch hostitele, v jeho\u017e t\u011ble pak dok\u00e1\u017eou ud\u011blat po\u0159\u00e1dnou paseku.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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P\u0159\u00edznaky mal\u00e1rie<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky se mohou objevit za t\u00fdden, ale taky t\u0159eba a\u017e za dvacet p\u011bt dn\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"V prvn\u00ed chv\u00edli v\u00e1s asi ani nenapadne, \u017ee byste mohli m\u00edt mal\u00e1rii. C\u00edt\u00edte se, jako byste m\u011bli ch\u0159ipku. M\u00e1te zv\u00fd\u0161enou teplotu, bol\u00ed v\u00e1s hlava a klouby, pot\u00edte se, n\u011bkdy je v\u00e1m na zvracen\u00ed. M\u016f\u017eete m\u00edt i k\u0159e\u010de. Pozd\u011bji se projev\u00ed chudokrevnost, proto\u017ee parazit ni\u010d\u00ed \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 t\u0159i nebo \u010dty\u0159i dny v\u00e1s zachv\u00e1t\u00ed hore\u010dka, kter\u00e1 se st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1 se zimnic\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se nel\u00e9\u010d\u00edte, m\u016f\u017eete upadnout do k\u00f3matu a nakonec um\u0159\u00edt.<\/p>\r\n

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\"\"Jak se mal\u00e1rii br\u00e1nit?<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Proti mal\u00e1rii se o\u010dkovat zat\u00edm ned\u00e1. Existuj\u00ed antimalarika, p\u0159\u00edpravky, kter\u00e9 se za\u010dnou br\u00e1t i n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f p\u0159ed nav\u0161t\u00edven\u00edm rizikov\u00e9 oblasti a vysad\u00ed se a\u017e n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f po n\u00e1vratu. Mohou v\u0161ak t\u011blo zat\u00ed\u017eit vedlej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky. Doporu\u010duj\u00ed se hlavn\u011b p\u0159i del\u0161\u00edm pobytu v malarick\u00e9 oblasti. Jenom\u017ee d\u0159\u00edve \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 prepar\u00e1ty pr\u00fd posledn\u00ed dobou pr\u00e1v\u011b pro oblast jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, kam spad\u00e1 i Thajsko, nefunguj\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b s\u00e1zej\u00ed na preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v podob\u011b plo\u0161n\u00fdch post\u0159ik\u016f na huben\u00ed moskyt\u016f. Hlavn\u00ed ochrana je ale na jednotlivc\u00edch. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte kvalitn\u00ed repelenty a moskyti\u00e9ry, hlavn\u011b ve\u010der a v noci, kdy je aktivita moskyt\u016f nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Pokud u\u017e dojde k naka\u017een\u00ed, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zah\u00e1jit l\u00e9\u010dbu co nejd\u0159\u00edv. Pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed se syntetick\u00e1 antimalarika, ve v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech chinin, kter\u00fd se k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b mal\u00e1rie pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u\u017e n\u011bkolik stolet\u00ed. P\u016fvodn\u011b ho lid\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1vali drcen\u00edm k\u016fry chinovn\u00edku na b\u00edl\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek. I p\u0159i v\u010dasn\u00e9m nasazen\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby se ale n\u011bkdy \u010dlov\u011bk mal\u00e1rie nezbav\u00ed a\u017e do konce \u017eivota a jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky se mohou i po letech opakovan\u011b vracet.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Mal\u00e1rie z druhohor<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Jsem zv\u011bdav\u00e1, jestli se mal\u00e1rii n\u011bkdy poda\u0159\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b vym\u00fdtit. Tahle nemoc je pr\u00fd toti\u017e star\u00e1 15 – 20 milion\u016f let.  Jon\u00e1\u0161 mi \u0159\u00edkal, \u017ee jeden entomolog, to jsou ti, co zkoumaj\u00ed hmyz, pr\u00fd na\u0161el malarick\u00e9ho parazita v t\u011ble hmyzu, kter\u00fd se zachoval v jantaru nalezen\u00e9m v Barm\u011b neboli v Myanmaru. Kapka jantaru na toho chud\u00e1ka kom\u00e1ra pr\u00fd spadla n\u011bkdy p\u0159ed sto miliony lety. Jestli je to pravda, tak m\u00e1 ta parazitick\u00e1 potvora m\u016fj respekt. Dinosau\u0159i nep\u0159e\u017eili, ale mal\u00e1rie ano. A co lidi? P\u0159e\u017eije mal\u00e1rie i n\u00e1s?<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

PRAMENY:<\/em><\/p>\r\n

K\u00fcntzelov\u00e1, Karolin. Nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata sv\u011bta<\/em>. Edika, Brno 2014.<\/p>\r\n

Ludwig, Mario – Gebhardt, Harald. 55 nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at na\u0161\u00ed planety<\/em>. Fortuna Libri, Praha 2007.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mal%C3%A1rie<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
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https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinin<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
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https:\/\/www.ockovacicentrum.cz\/cz\/malarie<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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OBR\u00c1ZKY: ChatGPT.com<\/em><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e jsme p\u0159ed odletem do Thajska p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli, jak nejl\u00edp se na cestu p\u0159ipravit, zva\u017eovali jsme i o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti n\u011bkter\u00fdm naka\u017eliv\u00fdm nemocem. Cestovn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e ob\u010das doporu\u010duj\u00ed nechat se p\u0159ed cestou o\u010dkovat proti b\u0159i\u0161n\u00edmu tyfu, \u017eloutence typu A i B, d\u011btsk\u00e9 obrn\u011b, z\u00e1\u0161krtu, spalni\u010dk\u00e1m a tetanu. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z n\u00e1s u\u017e o\u010dkovan\u00ed byli z d\u011btstv\u00ed, nebo i pozd\u011bji, t\u0159eba proti…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,11],"tags":[485,60,487,57,486,58,56,484,483,59],"class_list":["post-268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bonusy-dzungle","category-hrdinove-mariana","tag-anopheles","tag-bahenni-zimnice","tag-chinin","tag-komar","tag-malaria","tag-malarie","tag-moskyt","tag-moskytiera","tag-mosquito","tag-ockovani"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=268"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5100,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268\/revisions\/5100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}