{"id":4151,"date":"2025-03-14T12:22:03","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T12:22:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/?p=4151"},"modified":"2025-11-27T15:33:47","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T15:33:47","slug":"indianska-cesta-slz-alfa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/2025\/03\/14\/indianska-cesta-slz-alfa\/","title":{"rendered":"Indi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 Cesta slz (Alfa)"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159ed objeven\u00edm Ameriky Kry\u0161tofem Kolumbem v roce 1492 \u017eilo na americk\u00e9m kontinentu 100 milion\u016f p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel. Postupn\u011b v\u0161ak podl\u00e9hali nejen v boj\u00edch s Evropany, ale i nov\u00fdm chorob\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 sem Evropan\u00e9 zavlekli. Na konci 19. stolet\u00ed, \u010dty\u0159i sta let po objeven\u00ed Ameriky se po\u010det indi\u00e1n\u016f smrskl na necel\u00e9 dva miliony.
\nCo v\u0161echno museli p\u0159ekonat a \u010deho v\u0161eho se museli vzd\u00e1t od doby, kdy si b\u011blo\u0161i za\u010dali d\u011blat pr\u00e1va na jejich \u00fazem\u00ed? Cel\u00e9 vysp\u011bl\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e zanikly, n\u011bkter\u00e9 indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kmeny byly rozpr\u00e1\u0161eny, jin\u00e9 nucen\u011b p\u0159esidlov\u00e1ny z v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Ameriky na z\u00e1pad.<\/p>\n

\"\"V roce 1830 bylo na \u00fazem\u00ed Oklahomy z\u0159\u00edzeno Indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 teritorium, kam m\u011bli b\u00fdt p\u0159esunuti v\u0161ichni p\u016fvodn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 z Floridy, Mississippi, Louisiany, Alabamy, Arkansasu, Georgie a Ji\u017en\u00ed Karol\u00edny. V nov\u00e9m teritoriu jim byla p\u0159id\u011blen\u00e1 p\u016fda a mohli d\u00e1l \u017e\u00edt tradi\u010dn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. Jen\u017ee ta p\u016fda byla chud\u00e1 a k zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed nevhodn\u00e1.
\nN\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00ed odm\u00edtli a zahynuli v boj\u00edch. P\u0159esun se t\u00fdkal p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm skupiny ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako P\u011bt civilizovan\u00fdch kmen\u016f, kter\u00e9 se \u017eivily p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm plodin. Byli to \u010cerokiov\u00e9, \u010coktov\u00e9, Kr\u00edkov\u00e9, \u010cikasov\u00e9 a Seminolov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Jejich cesta za nov\u00fdm domovem m\u011b\u0159ila 1000 a\u017e 1900 kilometr\u016f. P\u0159esto\u017ee m\u011bli k dispozici kon\u011b a vozy, v\u011bt\u0161ina jich musela celou cestu uj\u00edt p\u011b\u0161ky. Z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu 70 000 p\u0159emis\u0165ovan\u00fdch indi\u00e1n\u016f t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159etina strastiplnou cestu nep\u0159e\u017eila. Do historie se zapsala jako Cesta slz.<\/p>\n

\"\"Evrop\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159ist\u011bhovalci v\u0161ak pronikali \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edc na z\u00e1pad kontinentu, na  Velk\u00e9 pl\u00e1n\u011b, kde cht\u011bli obd\u011bl\u00e1vat p\u016fdu. Tam doch\u00e1zelo k dal\u0161\u00edm \u0161arv\u00e1tk\u00e1m s ko\u010dovn\u00fdmi kmeny, kter\u00e9 se \u017eivily lovem bizon\u016f.
\nV pr\u016fb\u011bhu indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek (1540-1924) byli pora\u017een\u00ed indi\u00e1ni um\u00edst\u011bni do rezervac\u00ed. A\u017e v roce 1924 bylo v\u0161em americk\u00fdm indi\u00e1n\u016fm ud\u011bleno americk\u00e9 ob\u010danstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"Dnes na \u00fazem\u00ed USA existuje 314 indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed. Maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vy a z\u00e1kony. P\u016fda, na kter\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed, je v\u011bt\u0161inou pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed nevhodn\u00e1. \u010cinnost rezervac\u00ed je proto dotov\u00e1na z feder\u00e1ln\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu. Indi\u00e1ni maj\u00ed n\u00e1rok na r\u016fzn\u00e9 podpory a d\u00e1vky, neplat\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed ani \u0161koln\u00e9 a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010dinnostech jsou osvobozeni od dan\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i provozov\u00e1n\u00ed kasin. P\u0159esto v\u011bt\u0161ina indi\u00e1n\u016f p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v chudob\u011b, asi polovina v rezervac\u00edch, druh\u00e1 polovina \u017eije rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e1 mezi v\u011bt\u0161inovou populaci. Neut\u011b\u0161en\u00fd stav vede ke kriminalit\u011b, alkoholismu a drog\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Z v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch kmen\u016f se jen n\u011bkter\u00fdm da\u0159\u00ed udr\u017eovat sv\u016fj jazyk, tradice a zvyky. \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b jim v tom pom\u00e1h\u00e1 i turistick\u00fd ruch.<\/p>\n

ZDROJ:
\nKup\u010d\u00edk, Lubom\u00edr. Velk\u00e1 indi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 kniha. Mlad\u00e1 fronta 2017.
\nSeiler, Signe. Divok\u00fd z\u00e1pad. Fraus 2006.
\nVojtech, P. a Spencer, H. Divok\u00fd z\u00e1pad. Press-Burg, Bratislava 1995.
\nhttps:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indi%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_v%C3%A1lky
\nhttps:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Domorod%C3%AD_obyvatel%C3%A9_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159ed objeven\u00edm Ameriky Kry\u0161tofem Kolumbem v roce 1492 \u017eilo na americk\u00e9m kontinentu 100 milion\u016f p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel. Postupn\u011b v\u0161ak podl\u00e9hali nejen v boj\u00edch s Evropany, ale i nov\u00fdm chorob\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 sem Evropan\u00e9 zavlekli. Na konci 19. stolet\u00ed, \u010dty\u0159i sta let po objeven\u00ed Ameriky se po\u010det indi\u00e1n\u016f smrskl na necel\u00e9 dva miliony. Co v\u0161echno museli p\u0159ekonat a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,1],"tags":[565,566,567,571,570,366,568,569],"class_list":["post-4151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hrdinove-alfa","category-uncategorized","tag-cesta-slz","tag-indianske-rezervace","tag-indianske-teritorium","tag-indianske-valky","tag-nucene-presidleni","tag-oklahoma","tag-pet-civilizovanych-kmenu","tag-postaveni-indianu-v-usa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4151","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4151"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4151\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4935,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4151\/revisions\/4935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gangodvaznych.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}